Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as promising materials for membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems due to their exceptional physical properties and resistance to fouling. This study aims Membrane bioreactor to analyze t

PVDF membrane bioreactors have become a promising technology for wastewater purification. These systems offer several strengths, including efficient removal rates of biological pollutants, reduced sludge production, and enhanced water quality. Additionally, PVDF membranes are known for their dura